Praćenje prisustva antimikrobne rezistencije kao model načina prenošenja bakterija

Abstract

The presence of microorganisms in nature is part of the environment - an ecosystem that interacts with all micro and macro-organisms. Their impact, especially on animals and humans, could be changed depending on the characteristics they possess. The invasiveness, pathogenicity, toxicity or antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in various ways affects the macro-organisms, and changes of these characteristics of the micro-organism can be caused by mutations or gene transfer horizontally. How these characteristics of pathogens, are transmitted, and what their reach is in nature, can only be assumed. The mutual contact as well as the contact of bacteria with different substances (antibiotics, disinfectants) influences the development of resistance, respectively the acquisition of new characteristics. Monitoring the spread of microorganisms that carry resistance genes is important because it allows us to make an assumption that can answer how far these genes can expand and how can be counteracted their side effect. In our work, we monitored the antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli strains isolated on poultry and pig farms. The isolates were collected from different facilities on farms and tested for sensitivity to selected antimicrobials. The aim of the study was to determine whether isolated strains from different facilities on the same farm have the same antibiotic susceptibility / resistance or whether there are differences. In addition, our aim is to analyse the findings from the aspect of the possibility of transferring certain strains through farm objects and the need to determine the number of necessary materials (samples) to be brought for analysis. The results indicate a different representation of resistant strains within farms, that is, different antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated Escherichia coli strains across farm objects. Such a finding may indicate that the presence of resistance in one facility does not mean that the same finding can be expected in a subsequent facility of the same farm. Whether the reason for this finding is the limited spread of bacterial strains or the selective pressure of antibiotics, remains to be investigated. Establishing a transfer model, or rather a restriction on the mobility of strains within the farm, will allow better control of the spread of pathogens with undesirable characteristics.