Programi vakcinacije protiv infektivnog laringotraheitisa - primeri iz prakse

Abstract

Vaccination represents one of the most effective methods for preventing disease outbreaks in modern poultry production. Intensive poultry farming is continuously challenged by various respiratory diseases, among which infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) poses one of the greatest risks. This is evidenced by the significant economic losses associated with ILT outbreaks. Based on practical experience and data from the literature, different vaccination strategies are presented, ranging from the use of live attenuated vaccines (CEO-chicken embryos and TCO-tissue culture) to the implementation of modern recombinant vector vaccines based on turkey herpesvirus (rHVT-LT). Vaccination using a recombinant vaccine in the hatchery and a live vaccine during the rearing period has proven to be an effective approach in controlling the spread of the ILT virus in high-risk areas. In addition to these combined programs, there are protocols involving the administration of two doses of live vaccine, most used on farms where ILT virus is already present. When applying such programs, attention must be paid to the risk of latent infection (reactivation of the vaccine virus) triggered by stress factors. The best results are achieved when vaccination is coordinated with strict biosecurity measures. Experiences from recent ILT outbreaks in the region indicate that lack of vaccination or improper implementation of vaccination protocols is the main risk factor in the emergence and spread of the disease. Therefore, mandatory vaccination is recommended in areas with a high risk of ILT occurrence.