Health assessment of balkan donkeys: hematological and biochemical parameters

Abstract

The Balkan donkey (Equus asinus asinus), an endangered breed native to Serbia with significant historical importance, has not been extensively studied in terms of its health and physiology. As their numbers continue to decrease, studying their physiological traits is key to designing effective conservation strategies. This study evaluated the hematological and biochemical profiles of 70 clinically healthy Balkan donkeys, divided into three age groups: Group A (5-7 months), Group B (12-14 months), and Group C (4-7 years). The analysis revealed notable age-related differences (p < 0.05) in several key parameters. Younger donkeys (Groups A and B) showed heightened immune activity, as indicated by elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts, indicative of their developing immune systems. In contrast, adult donkeys (Group C) demonstrated stable immune profiles and elevated urea levels, likely linked to protein metabolism or hydration status. Consistent red blood cell (RBC) and platelet counts across all groups suggested efficient oxygen transport and coagulation. Higher phosphorus levels in younger donkeys suggested metabolic needs related to growth. Meanwhile, stable liver (ALT) and kidney (creatinine) function across all age groups underscored the breed’s resilience to environmental and physiological challenges. This study provides the first comprehensive dataset on the hematological and biochemical health of the Balkan donkey, providing valuable insights for veterinary diagnostics, conservation efforts, and breed management. By establishing baseline health data, this research not only aids inpreserving this endangered breed but also enhances our understanding of donkey physiology in demanding ecological conditions.