Influence of different litter types on harmful gases emission in broiler production

Abstract

One of the key factors for the success of broiler production is the selection of an adequate bedding material. In an intensive broiler production system, broilers are raised under a deep litter system that has high absorption potential. Poultry production has been developing rapidly in recent years and with it the growing concern for the waste disposal and harmful gases emission. In poultry rearing bedding material plays a very important role. Emission of harmful gases affects both birds and workers. The aim of this study was to estimate the emission levels of harmful gases, such as ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) using six different litter types. Measurement of harmful gas concentrations were performed weekly from each treatment. The concentration of ammonia was first recorded above the permitted value of 20 ppm at day 28. Treatment with the lowest ammonia concentration at the end of the experiment was observed in chickens reared on the mixture of 30% chopped wheat straw, 30% wood shavings, 30% peat, 10% zeolite, nonpelletized form with significant difference (P > 0.05). During the fattening period the concentrations of measured carbon dioxide did not exceed the permitted level of 3000 ppm, while hydrogen sulfide was not detected. The lowest carbon dioxide emission at the end of the experiment was measured in the treatment with pellets consisted of 80% wheat straw, 10% zeolite, 10% charcoal. The mentioned research indicates the influence of different materials and formulations used in broiler production. Due to the fact that broilers are in constant contact with the litter, careful selection, adequate management, proper storage and proper use contributes to better and higher quality air inside the broiler house, which leads to lower gases emission.