Content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in smoked common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in direct conditions using different filters vs indirect conditions

Abstract

In this study, the common carp fish were smoked in direct and indirect smoke chambers. Direct smokings in craft chamber were conducted in four ways: smoked without filter (Fo), with zeolite filter (Fz), filter with granular activated carbon (Fc) and gravel filter (Fg). The content of 16 different PAHs in smoked common carp was analyzed using GCMS method. Addition of zeolite, activated carbon and gravel filters significantly reduced PAH levels (P<0.05). Levels of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorine, phenanthrene and fluoranthene were reduced using zeolite, activated carbon and gravel filters by 42.14, 40.64, 42.5 (Naph), 49.81, 48.96, 48.96 (Acy), 32.71, 30.79, 26.15 (Fln), 28.79, 31.68, 18.34 (Phe) and 4.14, 3.87 and 1.12 (Flt) mg/kg, respectively. The addition of zeolite and activated carbon filters reduced amount of anthracene by 15.28 and 11.89 mg/kg and amount of pyrene by 1.25 and 0.6 mg/kg, while addition of gravel filters did not influence significantly these PAHs (P>0.05). However all filters decreased acenaphthene, benz[a]anthracene and chrysene below detection limits. Zeolite was the most effective adsorbent for PAHs. All samples were under maximum limit of BaP (2 lg/kg) and PAH4 (12 lg/kg) set by European Commission Regulation 835/2011. Based on results in the present study it can be stated that common carp smoked in both direct and indirect conditions can be considered to be safe for consumption.