Sadržaj pesticida i toksičnih elemenata u jetri labudova

Abstract

Swans are wild birds living in water habitats and belong to the Anatidae family, Anseriformes order. Considering their habitat, way of living and diet, swans represent a significant bioindicator species for monitoring of environmental pollutants. Their diet is composed of water plants and green algae which are direct indicators of environmental and water habitat pollution. It is known that pesticides as well as to����ic elements accumulate and persist in water ecosystems and water organisms (algae, fish, invertebrates, etc.) and reach embriophyte, animals and humans through the food chain. The aim of this paper is to determine the e����tent to which swans are endangered, as a protected species, due to harmful effects of pesticides and to����ic elements. The sample preparation for determining pesticides has been conducted in accordance with the Multiresidue Method QuEChERS. This preparation method is based on the e����traction with acetonitrile in the presence of salt. Gas chromatography with mass spectometry has been used for ����uantification of pesticide residues. Agilent Technology GCMSD 7890B/5977A with electron ionization and ����uadrupole mass spectometer. The samples for to����ic element measurement have been prepared using the method of microwave digestion in the system Ethos, Microwave Labstation, Milestone and determination has been conducted using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry techni����ue on the Agilent ICP-MS 7700 instrument through isotopes: 75As, 111Cd, 201Hg, 208Pb, 56Fe, 63Cu and 66Zn. Pesticide e����amination results show their low content in all analysed samples, below ����uantification limit of the used method. According to the measured values of to����ic elements, it can be concluded that their content range was the following: for arsen 0.004-0.027 mg/kg���� for cadmium 0.023-0.473 mg/kg���� for mercury 0.007-0.188 mg/kg���� for lead 0.108 -0.248 mg/kg���� for copper 81-810 mg/kg���� for iron 362-3288 mg/kg and for zinc 21 -127 mg/ kg. The obtained e����amination results indicate the absence of pesticide pollution at the locality of the natural reserve „Koviljsko-petrovaradinski rit“. However, the causes of significantly higher content of to����ic elements (Cd, Hg, Cu, Fe) in the e����amined samples in the swan����s liver should be further e����amined on a larger number of samples.